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<span id="python"></span><h1>28. Python Runtime Services<a class="headerlink" href="#python-runtime-services" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The modules described in this chapter provide a wide range of services related
to the Python interpreter and its interaction with its environment. Here’s an
overview:</p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="sys.html">28.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys</span></code> — System-specific parameters and functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html">28.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sysconfig</span></code> — Provide access to Python’s configuration information</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html#configuration-variables">28.2.1. Configuration variables</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html#installation-paths">28.2.2. Installation paths</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html#other-functions">28.2.3. Other functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="__builtin__.html">28.3. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__builtin__</span></code> — Built-in objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="future_builtins.html">28.4. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">future_builtins</span></code> — Python 3 builtins</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="__main__.html">28.5. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__main__</span></code> — Top-level script environment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html">28.6. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">warnings</span></code> — Warning control</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#warning-categories">28.6.1. Warning Categories</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#the-warnings-filter">28.6.2. The Warnings Filter</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#default-warning-filters">28.6.2.1. Default Warning Filters</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#temporarily-suppressing-warnings">28.6.3. Temporarily Suppressing Warnings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#testing-warnings">28.6.4. Testing Warnings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#updating-code-for-new-versions-of-python">28.6.5. Updating Code For New Versions of Python</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#available-functions">28.6.6. Available Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#available-context-managers">28.6.7. Available Context Managers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html">28.7. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">contextlib</span></code> — Utilities for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code>-statement contexts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="abc.html">28.8. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">abc</span></code> — Abstract Base Classes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="atexit.html">28.9. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">atexit</span></code> — Exit handlers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="atexit.html#atexit-example">28.9.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">atexit</span></code> Example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="traceback.html">28.10. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">traceback</span></code> — Print or retrieve a stack traceback</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="traceback.html#traceback-examples">28.10.1. Traceback Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="__future__.html">28.11. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__future__</span></code> — Future statement definitions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gc.html">28.12. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gc</span></code> — Garbage Collector interface</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html">28.13. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">inspect</span></code> — Inspect live objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#types-and-members">28.13.1. Types and members</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#retrieving-source-code">28.13.2. Retrieving source code</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#classes-and-functions">28.13.3. Classes and functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#the-interpreter-stack">28.13.4. The interpreter stack</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="site.html">28.14. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">site</span></code> — Site-specific configuration hook</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="user.html">28.15. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user</span></code> — User-specific configuration hook</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="fpectl.html">28.16. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fpectl</span></code> — Floating point exception control</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fpectl.html#example">28.16.1. Example</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fpectl.html#limitations-and-other-considerations">28.16.2. Limitations and other considerations</a></li>
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