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<div class="section" id="internet-data-handling">
<span id="netdata"></span><h1>19. Internet Data Handling<a class="headerlink" href="#internet-data-handling" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>This chapter describes modules which support handling data formats commonly used
on the Internet.</p>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html">19.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email</span></code> — An email and MIME handling package</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.message.html">19.1.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.message</span></code>: Representing an email message</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.parser.html">19.1.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.parser</span></code>: Parsing email messages</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="email.parser.html#feedparser-api">19.1.2.1. FeedParser API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="email.parser.html#parser-api">19.1.2.2. Parser API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="email.parser.html#additional-notes">19.1.2.3. Additional notes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.generator.html">19.1.3. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.generator</span></code>: Generating MIME documents</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.policy.html">19.1.4. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.policy</span></code>: Policy Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.errors.html">19.1.5. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.errors</span></code>: Exception and Defect classes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.headerregistry.html">19.1.6. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.headerregistry</span></code>: Custom Header Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.contentmanager.html">19.1.7. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.contentmanager</span></code>: Managing MIME Content</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="email.contentmanager.html#content-manager-instances">19.1.7.1. Content Manager Instances</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.examples.html">19.1.8. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email</span></code>: Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.compat32-message.html">19.1.9. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.message.Message</span></code>: Representing an email message using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compat32</span></code> API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.mime.html">19.1.10. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.mime</span></code>: Creating email and MIME objects from scratch</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.header.html">19.1.11. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.header</span></code>: Internationalized headers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.charset.html">19.1.12. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.charset</span></code>: Representing character sets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.encoders.html">19.1.13. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.encoders</span></code>: Encoders</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.util.html">19.1.14. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.utils</span></code>: Miscellaneous utilities</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.iterators.html">19.1.15. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.iterators</span></code>: Iterators</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html">19.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">json</span></code> — JSON encoder and decoder</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#basic-usage">19.2.1. Basic Usage</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#encoders-and-decoders">19.2.2. Encoders and Decoders</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#exceptions">19.2.3. Exceptions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#standard-compliance-and-interoperability">19.2.4. Standard Compliance and Interoperability</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#character-encodings">19.2.4.1. Character Encodings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#infinite-and-nan-number-values">19.2.4.2. Infinite and NaN Number Values</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#repeated-names-within-an-object">19.2.4.3. Repeated Names Within an Object</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#top-level-non-object-non-array-values">19.2.4.4. Top-level Non-Object, Non-Array Values</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#implementation-limitations">19.2.4.5. Implementation Limitations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#module-json.tool">19.2.5. Command Line Interface</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#command-line-options">19.2.5.1. Command line options</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="mailcap.html">19.3. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mailcap</span></code> — Mailcap file handling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html">19.4. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mailbox</span></code> — Manipulate mailboxes in various formats</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#mailbox-objects">19.4.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Mailbox</span></code> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#maildir">19.4.1.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Maildir</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#mbox">19.4.1.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mbox</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#mh">19.4.1.3. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MH</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#babyl">19.4.1.4. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Babyl</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#mmdf">19.4.1.5. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MMDF</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#message-objects">19.4.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Message</span></code> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#maildirmessage">19.4.2.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MaildirMessage</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#mboxmessage">19.4.2.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mboxMessage</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#mhmessage">19.4.2.3. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MHMessage</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#babylmessage">19.4.2.4. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BabylMessage</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#mmdfmessage">19.4.2.5. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MMDFMessage</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#exceptions">19.4.3. Exceptions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#examples">19.4.4. Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="mimetypes.html">19.5. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mimetypes</span></code> — Map filenames to MIME types</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="mimetypes.html#mimetypes-objects">19.5.1. MimeTypes Objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="base64.html">19.6. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base64</span></code> — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="binhex.html">19.7. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binhex</span></code> — Encode and decode binhex4 files</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="binhex.html#notes">19.7.1. Notes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="binascii.html">19.8. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii</span></code> — Convert between binary and ASCII</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="quopri.html">19.9. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">quopri</span></code> — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="uu.html">19.10. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uu</span></code> — Encode and decode uuencode files</a></li>
</ul>
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