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Debugging and Profiling — Python 3.6.7 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 3.6.7 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="27.1. bdb — Debugger framework" href="bdb.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="26.8. test — Regression tests package for Python" href="test.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/debug.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="bdb.html" title="27.1. bdb — Debugger framework" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="test.html" title="26.8. test — Regression tests package for Python" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="debugging-and-profiling"> <h1>27. Debugging and Profiling<a class="headerlink" href="#debugging-and-profiling" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>These libraries help you with Python development: the debugger enables you to step through code, analyze stack frames and set breakpoints etc., and the profilers run code and give you a detailed breakdown of execution times, allowing you to identify bottlenecks in your programs.</p> <div class="toctree-wrapper compound"> <ul> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bdb.html">27.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bdb</span></code> — Debugger framework</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="faulthandler.html">27.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">faulthandler</span></code> — Dump the Python traceback</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="faulthandler.html#dumping-the-traceback">27.2.1. Dumping the traceback</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="faulthandler.html#fault-handler-state">27.2.2. Fault handler state</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="faulthandler.html#dumping-the-tracebacks-after-a-timeout">27.2.3. Dumping the tracebacks after a timeout</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="faulthandler.html#dumping-the-traceback-on-a-user-signal">27.2.4. Dumping the traceback on a user signal</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="faulthandler.html#issue-with-file-descriptors">27.2.5. Issue with file descriptors</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="faulthandler.html#example">27.2.6. Example</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pdb.html">27.3. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pdb</span></code> — The Python Debugger</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pdb.html#debugger-commands">27.3.1. Debugger Commands</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="profile.html">27.4. The Python Profilers</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="profile.html#introduction-to-the-profilers">27.4.1. Introduction to the profilers</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="profile.html#instant-user-s-manual">27.4.2. Instant User’s Manual</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="profile.html#module-cProfile">27.4.3. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">profile</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cProfile</span></code> Module Reference</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="profile.html#the-stats-class">27.4.4. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Stats</span></code> Class</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="profile.html#what-is-deterministic-profiling">27.4.5. What Is Deterministic Profiling?</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="profile.html#limitations">27.4.6. Limitations</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="profile.html#calibration">27.4.7. Calibration</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="profile.html#using-a-custom-timer">27.4.8. Using a custom timer</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="timeit.html">27.5. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timeit</span></code> — Measure execution time of small code snippets</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="timeit.html#basic-examples">27.5.1. Basic Examples</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="timeit.html#python-interface">27.5.2. Python Interface</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="timeit.html#command-line-interface">27.5.3. Command-Line Interface</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="timeit.html#examples">27.5.4. Examples</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="trace.html">27.6. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace</span></code> — Trace or track Python statement execution</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="trace.html#command-line-usage">27.6.1. Command-Line Usage</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="trace.html#main-options">27.6.1.1. Main options</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="trace.html#modifiers">27.6.1.2. Modifiers</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="trace.html#filters">27.6.1.3. Filters</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="trace.html#programmatic-interface">27.6.2. Programmatic Interface</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tracemalloc.html">27.7. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tracemalloc</span></code> — Trace memory allocations</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tracemalloc.html#examples">27.7.1. Examples</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tracemalloc.html#display-the-top-10">27.7.1.1. Display the top 10</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tracemalloc.html#compute-differences">27.7.1.2. Compute differences</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tracemalloc.html#get-the-traceback-of-a-memory-block">27.7.1.3. Get the traceback of a memory block</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tracemalloc.html#pretty-top">27.7.1.4. Pretty top</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tracemalloc.html#api">27.7.2. API</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tracemalloc.html#functions">27.7.2.1. Functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tracemalloc.html#domainfilter">27.7.2.2. DomainFilter</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tracemalloc.html#filter">27.7.2.3. Filter</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tracemalloc.html#frame">27.7.2.4. Frame</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tracemalloc.html#snapshot">27.7.2.5. Snapshot</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tracemalloc.html#statistic">27.7.2.6. Statistic</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tracemalloc.html#statisticdiff">27.7.2.7. StatisticDiff</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tracemalloc.html#trace">27.7.2.8. Trace</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tracemalloc.html#traceback">27.7.2.9. Traceback</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="test.html" title="previous chapter">26.8. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code> — Regression tests package for Python</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="bdb.html" title="next chapter">27.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bdb</span></code> — Debugger framework</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.6/Doc/library/debug.rst" rel="nofollow">Show Source </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="bdb.html" title="27.1. bdb — Debugger framework" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="test.html" title="26.8. test — Regression tests package for Python" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2001-2023, Python Software Foundation. <br /> The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> <br /> Last updated on Dec 18, 2023. <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? <br /> Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.7.6. </div> </body> </html>