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:mod:`pickletools` --- Tools for pickle developers
==================================================

.. module:: pickletools
   :synopsis: Contains extensive comments about the pickle protocols and pickle-machine
              opcodes, as well as some useful functions.


.. versionadded:: 2.3

**Source code:** :source:`Lib/pickletools.py`

--------------

This module contains various constants relating to the intimate details of the
:mod:`pickle` module, some lengthy comments about the implementation, and a few
useful functions for analyzing pickled data.  The contents of this module are
useful for Python core developers who are working on the :mod:`pickle` and
:mod:`cPickle` implementations; ordinary users of the :mod:`pickle` module
probably won't find the :mod:`pickletools` module relevant.


.. function:: dis(pickle, out=None, memo=None, indentlevel=4)

   Outputs a symbolic disassembly of the pickle to the file-like object *out*,
   defaulting to ``sys.stdout``.  *pickle* can be a string or a file-like object.
   *memo* can be a Python dictionary that will be used as the pickle's memo; it can
   be used to perform disassemblies across multiple pickles created by the same
   pickler. Successive levels, indicated by ``MARK`` opcodes in the stream, are
   indented by *indentlevel* spaces.


.. function:: genops(pickle)

   Provides an :term:`iterator` over all of the opcodes in a pickle, returning a
   sequence of ``(opcode, arg, pos)`` triples.  *opcode* is an instance of an
   :class:`OpcodeInfo` class; *arg* is the decoded value, as a Python object, of
   the opcode's argument; *pos* is the position at which this opcode is located.
   *pickle* can be a string or a file-like object.

.. function:: optimize(picklestring)

   Returns a new equivalent pickle string after eliminating unused ``PUT``
   opcodes. The optimized pickle is shorter, takes less transmission time,
   requires less storage space, and unpickles more efficiently.

   .. versionadded:: 2.6